Termites are insects that live in colonies and subsist on plant cellulose. There are more than 2,000 species of termites throughout the world—about 650 species in North America alone—and they’re present wherever there is wood to eat, or at least 20% moisture content for mud tunnels. Though most don’t consider termite colonies anything short of a nuisance —who hasn’t returned from a trip to find their home invaded by thousands of winged creatures eager to feast upon the wood within—harmless or not, there are some who find a silver lining in their destructive behavior.
As it turns out, termites are one of nature’s most efficient recyclers, eating their way through dead or dying plants and wood. During this process, they become compost—a rich dirt-like material that contains the same elements like soil and can be used for fertilizer. Termites also recycle fallen trees by tunneling deep into the ground where they eat away decomposing leaves, then deposit fungi spores on the wood which in time help revive new plant growth. And should a colony grow too large for its home—or your home—they’re perfectly content to look elsewhere for food?
Contrary to popular belief, termite bites are not poisonous; however, some species have been known to spread histoplasmosis (caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum ) an infectious disease. Though the bites can raise welts—and some people become sensitive to them —histoplasmosis is not life-threatening.
Homesteaders who live in and around woodlands are generally more at risk, as termites are drawn to moisture and decomposing vegetation that’s present in such environments. If you should find your home invaded by termites, remain calm and enlist the help of a professional exterminator to ensure that they don’t return.
It is also true that people who are living in homes infested by termites may suffer from allergic reactions or even asthma attacks. The reaction is triggered by the saliva released from the termites after they bite. However, people who are sensitive to these pests may want to consider having a professional exterminator treat their homes for these invaders. Also, if there are holes around the home that will allow them in then you should also contact an experienced exterminator as well.
No matter your reaction to their presence, they are not harmful to humans. The moral of the story is that termites are just plain bad news (and they’re not your buddies). Even though some may seem harmless, a majority have evolved into pests —not friends. If you suspect that you or someone living in your home has been bitten by an insect please call a professional exterminator without delay.